Daily English - Percentages and Ratios
今日主題 (Today's Topic)
主題: Percentages and Ratios
難度: beginner
分類: Daily English / Mathematics
關鍵詞彙 (Key Vocabulary)
本主題的重要詞彙與片語
percent: 百分比符號(%)。表示每一百份中的一份。
- 例句:"Twenty percent (20%) of students passed the exam."(20% 的學生通過了考試。)
percentage: 百分率。以 100 為基準表示的數字或比率。
- 例句:"The percentage of correct answers was 85%."(正確答案的百分比是 85%。)
ratio: 比率。顯示兩個數字之間關係的數值,表示一個值包含另一個值多少次。
- 例句:"The ratio of boys to girls is 3:2, meaning there are 3 boys for every 2 girls."(男孩和女孩的比率是 3:2,意思是每 2 個女孩對應 3 個男孩。)
proportion: 比例。相對於整體而言的部分、份額或數量。
- 例句:"A large proportion of the budget goes to salaries."(預算的很大一部分用於薪資。)
convert: 轉換。從一種形式、系統或單位改變為另一種。
- 例句:"To convert 50% to a decimal, divide by 100 to get 0.5."(要將 50% 轉換為小數,除以 100 得到 0.5。)
實例與應用 (Examples & Application)
提供實際例句或應用情境
例句一:促銷與折扣
"This item is on sale with a 25 percent discount (25% off). The original price was $100, so you save $25."
(這件商品打 75 折(25% 折扣)。原價是 100 美元,所以你省了 25 美元。)
例句二:統計數據
"According to the survey, 60 percent of respondents (60%) prefer online shopping. The ratio of online to in-store shoppers is 3:2."
(根據調查,60% 的受訪者更喜歡線上購物。線上與實體店購物者的比率是 3:2。)
例句三:烹飪與食譜
"The proportion of flour to sugar in this recipe is 2:1, which means you need twice as much flour as sugar."
(這個食譜中麵粉和糖的比例是 2:1,意思是麵粉的量要是糖的兩倍。)
實踐練習 (Practice Activities)
透過多種方式練習今日主題,專注於實際應用和口說表達
口說練習
大聲朗讀並練習說出以下句子,注重發音和流暢度
"To convert a fraction to a percentage, divide the numerator by the denominator and multiply by 100."
(要將分數轉換為百分比,將分子除以分母再乘以 100。)"The ratio of 3 to 4 can be written as 3:4 or as a fraction three fourths."
(3 對 4 的比率可以寫成 3:4 或分數形式的四分之三。)"If 50 percent of students are female, that means half of the students are female, which is a ratio of 1:1."
(如果 50% 的學生是女生,那意味著一半的學生是女生,比率是 1:1。)"The proportion of water to rice in this recipe is crucial for perfect results."
(這個食譜中水和米的比例對於完美的結果至關重要。)
情境對話
模擬真實情境,練習使用今日學習的內容進行對話
情境:在百貨公司特賣期間購物
Customer: "Excuse me, what's the discount on this jacket?"
Sales Associate: "It's 30 percent off today."
Customer: "So if it's originally $80, how much would I save?"
Sales Associate: "You'd save $24, making the final price $56."
Customer: "Great! And what percentage of your inventory is on sale?"
Sales Associate: "About 40 percent of our items have discounts. The ratio of sale items to regular price items is roughly 2:3."
翻譯:
- 顧客:請問這件外套打幾折?
- 店員:今天打 7 折(30% 折扣)。
- 顧客:那如果原價是 80 美元,我能省多少錢?
- 店員:您可以省 24 美元,最終價格是 56 美元。
- 顧客:太好了!那你們庫存中有多少百分比在促銷?
- 店員:大約 40% 的商品有折扣。促銷商品和原價商品的比率大約是 2:3。
練習筆記
記錄你在練習過程中的發現、困難或有趣的觀察
發音注意事項:
- "percent" 的重音在第二音節:per-CENT
- "percentage" 的重音在第二音節:per-CENT-age
- "ratio" 的重音在第一音節:RAY-shee-oh 或 RAY-shoh
- "proportion" 的重音在第二音節:pro-POR-shun
常用表達:
- 百分比的讀法:50% = "fifty percent"
- 比率的讀法:3:2 = "three to two" 或 "a ratio of three to two"
- 分數轉百分比:1/4 = 25%, 1/2 = 50%, 3/4 = 75%
- 小數轉百分比:0.75 = 75%
轉換關係:
- 百分比轉小數:25% = 0.25(除以 100)
- 小數轉百分比:0.8 = 80%(乘以 100)
- 分數轉百分比:3/5 = 60%(相除後乘以 100)
- 比率轉百分比:3:5 表示 3/8 = 37.5% 和 5/8 = 62.5% 的總數
今日反思 (Daily Reflection)
收穫重點: 今天記錄了與百分比和比率相關的英文用語,這些在日常生活中的購物、統計、烹飪等場景,以及技術文件和演算法問題中都很常見。